Nonsteroidial anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID’s)
Large group of drugs that inhibits prostaglandin production – wide range available
NSAID’s are weak organic acids that bind to serum proteins (usually albumin).
Main use is minor to moderate pain, fever reduction, anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet aggregation.
Most have ionisation constants (pKa) of 3-5, so in acidic environment of GI tract, they are un-ionised can lead to mucosal damage
Mechanism of action:
Inhibit cyclooxygenase – enzyme that converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. Prostaglandins play a role in the development of pain, fever and inflammation.
Nonsteroidial anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID’s):
| Preferential COX-2 Inhibitors | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diclofenac | Nimesulide | Aceclofenac | Meloxicam | Etodolac |
| Selective COX-2 Inhibitors | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celecoxib | Etoricoxib | Parecoxib | Rofecoxib | |
| Nonselective COX-2 Inhibitors | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salicylates: | Aspirin | |||
| Propionic acid derivatives: | Ibuprofen | Naproxen | Ketoprofen | Flurbiprofen |
| Enolic Acid derivatives: | Prioxicam | Tenoxicam | ||
| Acetic Acid derivatives: | Ketorolac | Indomethacin | Nabumetone | |
| Pyrazolane derivatives: | Phenylbutazone | Oxyphenbutazone | ||
| Indeneacetic acid derivatives: | Sulindac | |||
| Fenamate: | Mephenamic acid | |||
| Analgesic & Antipyretics with a weak anti-inflammatory action | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Para aminophenol derivatives: | Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) | |||
| Benzoxazocine derivatives: | Nefopam | |||
| Pyrazolone derivatives: | Propiphenazone | Metamizol | ||
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