Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist that mimics the action of the human incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). This increases insulin secretion and increases blood sugar disposal to help improve glycemic control. The FDA approval was given in 2017.
The most common form is Ozempic®, taken as a weekly injectable in adults with type 2 diabetes. Wegovy® is a higher dose injectable for treating obesity and Rybelsus® is an oral version.
Mechanism of action:
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, mimicking the action of the incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) to increase the production of insulin.
Enhances the growth of pancreatic beta cells.
Inhibits the production of glucagon.
Lowering appetite and slowing down digestion in the stomach.
Pharmacokinetics:
Bioavailability is 89%; Metabolism is via proteolysis; elimination half-life is 7 days; excretion is via the urine and faeces.
Indications:
Type 2 diabetes (in addition to diet and exercise).
Obesity
Contraindications:
Thyroid carcinoma
Hypersensitivity reaction to semaglutide
Has not been researched for use in those with pancreatitis or those under 18yrs of age.
Black box warning for Ozempic
Side effects:
Hypoglycemia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, pancreatitis, constipation.
Dosage:
Ozempic is available in 0.5 mg, 1 mg, or 2 mg preparations for once weekly injection.
Wegovy is available as a 2.4 mg injectable for weekly injection.
Brand names: Ozempic, Rybelsus, Wegovy
Chemical formula: C187H291N45O59
Commentary:
- There were shortages of Ozempic during 2022 and 2023 due to a popular trend on social media advocating to use it as a easy weight loss medication, not necessarily medically indicated.
Related Topics:
Normal glucose physiology
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