Onychorrhexis (also occasionally called ‘Reed Nails’) is the appearance of longitudinal ridging and maybe splitting of the nail plate. There are shallow parallel striations or furrows with ridging that affects the superficial layers of the nail plate. There may be chipping at the distal or free end of the nail plate due to the fragility of the nail. It is generally considered as a consequence of aging, but can be associated with a number of conditions, perhaps causing damage to the nail matrix. It can give rise to onychoschizia.
The name, onychorrhexis is derived from the Greek words ónycho- for “nail” and rhexis for “bursting”.
The severity of the ridging varies substantially and will depend on the damage done to the nail matrix by the causative factor. There may be pain from the deeper splits.
Onychorrhexis can be associated with older age; lichen planus; dyskeratosis from psoriasis; iron‐deficiency anemia, reduced arterial supply; rheumatoid arthritis; fungal nail infection; Darier disease; anorexia nervosa or bulimia; oral retinoid therapy; brittle nail syndrome; pityriasis rubra pilaris; trachyonychia; picking at nails or nail biting; frequent use of nail polish remover; zinc deficiency;
Treatment of onychorrexis:
Generally not needed.
There may be some improvement with the treatment of the underlying or associated condition.
Proper nail care with frequent trimming of the nails to reduce the risk of the nail splitting or chipping.
A nail cream may be used to improve the nail’s moisture levels and may improve the appearance.
A nail prosthesis may be used to improve the appearance of the nail if that is an issue
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