Urinalysis

Urinalysis

Noninvasive method and economic method  gives a large amount of information about status of kidneys and urinary tract as well as other diseases that may alteration composition of urine.

Analysis – visual
– chemical
– microscopic

Colour – normally pale yellow or light amber
– if cloudy or smoky  possible infection
– if colourless  overhydration, diuretic therapy, diabetes insipidus
– red/pink  haematouria, haemoglobinuria
– dark brown  sickle cell anaemia
– yellowish-brown to red presence of bile
– black  malaria, malignant melanoma
– green  Pseudomonas infection
– orange  restricted fluid intake; concentrated urine; fever

Odour – normally does not have a strong odour – maybe an aromatic ammonia smell
– sweet smell  ketones formed from low insulin levels  diabetes mellitus
– ‘offensive’/putrid odour  possible infection

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