Historically referred to as the os calcis. Largest bone in foot. Provide lever arm for achilles tendon.
Medial side has projection – sustentaculum tali with plantar groove for tendon of flexor hallucis longus
Dorsal surface – 3 (varies) articular facets for articulating with talus via subtalar or talocalcaneal joint
Lateral surface – fibular or peroneal tubercle (variable size and shape) – attachment for central slip of inferior fibular retinaculum.
Ossification: – has primary centre in body and secondary centre at posterior aspect
– primary centre appears 3rd intrauterine month – usually starts as two centres that fuse before birth (May remain bipartite after birth in Down Syndrome). Secondary centre appears 6th to 8th year
– centres fuse at about 14 yrs (female) and 16 yrs (male)
Blood supply –
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29346737?dopt=Abstract
Related Topics:
Os Calcis
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0134603
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