Equipment & environmental related errors/risk factors

Equipment & environmental related errors/risk factors

Use of protective equipment:
Eg helmets in American football; shin protectors in soccer; mouthguards in contact sports; shoulder padding in rugby.

Footwear:
eg
• inadequate motion control when indicated
• inadequate shock absorption/cushioning when indicated
• too much shock absorption/cushioning  too much motion
• shoe worn  malignment  abnormal biomechanics
• using unidirectional shoe (eg running) for multidirectional sport (eg tennis)
• shoe of wrong fit (length and width)
• change from an old worn shoe to a new shoe

Foot Orthoses:
Use of orthoses/use of inappropriate orthoses/not using orthoses/using appropriate orthoses in inappropriate activity/using new orthoses ‘too much too soon’.

Sports surface:
• shock absorption (concrete, asphalt, grass, sand, artificial turf etc)
• uneven terrain (road camber, pot holes, tree root)
• traction – too much  injury due to stress on proximal structures
– too little  slipping and falls  injury