Limping:
Abnormal gait pattern due to pain, weakness or deformity. Most common abnormal gait pattern is a decreased duration of the stance phase on the side that is affected (as weightbearing on that side is painful).
Can be painless or painful:
1) Painful:
a) Trauma (eg fracture, sprain, etc of foot)
b) Infection (eg septic arthritis, osteomyelitis)
c) Intra-abdominal mass (eg appendicitis)
d) Inflammatory disease (eg rheumatic fever, juvenile chronic arthritis)
e) Osteochondroses (eg calcaneal apophysitis, Kohler’s disease)
g) Congenital (eg patellar dislocation, accessory navicular)
h) Other (eg hip synovitis, slipped capital femoral epiphysis)
2) Painless:
Usually from alterations in muscle tone, strength or joint function.
a) Neurological causes (eg flaccid paralysis, spasticity (cerebral palsy), ataxia, spinal diseases)
b) Muscle diseases (eg muscular dystrophy)
c) Joint diseases (eg contractures, hypermobility, developmental dysplasia of the hip)
d) Bone disorders/diseases (eg leg length discrepancies, coxa vara, Blount’s disease)
e) Hysterical
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1546144018311724
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