Flexor Substitution
This occurs when the interossei muscles have lost the ability to stabilise the metatarsophalangeal joints. Usually seen occurring during late stance phase in a supinated or cavus foot type as a result of a weakness of the posterior calf muscles. The flexor digitorum and flexor hallucis longus fire/contract for a longer period of time to assist the gastroc-soleus complex clawing of digits during propulsion.
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