Bronchiectasis
Irreversible chronic abnormal focal bronchial dilation act as “sumps” for infected mucous destruction of bronchial walls. Can be confined to one segment or diffuse.
Three forms – cylindrical/fusiform, varicose, saccular/cystic
Aetiology:
Congenital (cystic fibrosis, ciliary dysfunction syndromes); pneumonia; tuberculosis; foreign body; bronchial neoplasm; measles
Clinical features:
Often asymptomatic; exacerbations in winter with fever, cough, purulent sputum, haemoptysis, dyspnoea, pleuritic chest pain, wheeze, nail clubbing
Management:
Twice daily postural drainage
Antibiotics
Bronchodilators
Surgical excision (rare)
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