Involuted Nail (pincer nail; omega nail)
Excessive transverse curvature of nail – can affect both sides or one side of nail.
Predisposes to onychophosis and onychocryptosis
3 types:
1) Tile shaped – bulk of surface of nail is relatively flat, but both edges are curved/involuted, but do not go past perpendicular (least painful type)
2) Plicatured – bulk of surface of nail is relatively flat, but one or both edges are curved/involuted beyond vertical and embedded in nail sulcus
3) Pincer – entire nail plate is involuted – nail plate is drawn up between edges; in severe cases, lateral edges almost meet, pinching soft tissues giving the appearance of a ‘cylinder’ (most painful type)
Aetiology:
May be familial. Could be due to subungual exostosis.
Acquired case may be due to pressure from shoes.
May occur with other conditions (eg yellow nail syndrome)
Treatment:
Minor cases usually asymptomatic, so correct nail cutting advice is often all that is needed.
Severe cases usually symptomatic nail cutting and clear sulcus of debbis; wire nail braces to flatten nail; total or partial nail avulsion
http://www.podiatry-arena.com/podiatry-forum/showthread.php?t=101720
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/cia2.12036
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